向肥胖宣戰 紐約禁賣大瓶含糖飲料
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">【聯合報</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體">╱</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">編譯田思怡／報導】</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri"> <br></font></span></font></p><p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><br><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri"><o:p></o:p></font></span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">為了對抗肥胖，紐約市計畫禁止銷售大瓶裝的汽水（碳酸飲料）和其他含糖飲料。這項禁令將開美國先例，也是市長彭博向肥胖宣戰迄今最積極的做法。有市民叫好，也有市民認為市府管太多，喝多少是個人自由。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">禁令規定，在餐廳、電影院、運動場和街上餐車販售的含糖飲料，每瓶不得超過</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">16</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">液盎斯（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">474ml</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">）。大約是一杯中杯咖啡的量，比一般汽水瓶的容量小。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">禁令影響範圍幾乎包括所有暢銷的含糖飲料，從運動飲料到加糖的冰茶，最快在明年</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">月生效，但排除低糖汽水、果汁、乳製飲料和酒精類飲料，也不適用於每</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">8</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">液盎斯的熱量少於</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">25</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">卡路里的飲料，例如零卡路里的維他命水和無糖冰茶。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">另外，雜貨店、超商、販賣機和報攤銷售的飲料不受限。飲食業者若不遵守規定，將罰款</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">200</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">美元。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">近幾年，汽水類飲料成為對抗肥胖的戰場。美國一些學區已禁止學校販售汽水類飲料；一些城市禁止在公共建築販售這類飲料。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">彭博</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">月</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri">30</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">日接受紐約時報訪問時表示：「肥胖是全國的問題，各地衛生官員都很苦惱卻沒有具體行動。紐約市要採取行動，我認為這也是市民對市長的期望。」</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">紐約市飲料公會發言人佛里曼批評市府提案單挑汽水類飲料並不公平，官員應該去找真正能抑制肥胖的辦法。提案必須獲得紐約市衛生委員會通過，委員會成員都是由彭博任命，因此通過機率很高。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></font></p>
<p style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">彭博把民眾健康列為他第三任期首要施政目標，之前已禁止在餐廳和公園吸菸，禁止餐廳食物含反式脂肪，並強迫連鎖餐廳在菜單上標明食物的卡路里數。彭博曾推動碳酸飲料稅和限制用食物券購買碳酸飲料，試圖藉此降低碳酸飲料銷量，但未成功。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></font></p>