幼童獨玩傷專注力 「活在一隻手的距離」
<p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; COLOR: dimgray; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">【聯合報</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 細明體; COLOR: dimgray; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA" lang="EN-US">╱</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; COLOR: dimgray; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">記者劉惠敏、雷光涵／台北報導】</span></p>
<p style="line-height: 190%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="line-height: 190%; font-family: '新細明體','serif'; color: rgb(65, 65, 65); font-size: 11.5pt;">那是令職能治療師王宏哲難忘的一幕：一個三、四歲的孩子在診療間埋頭玩平板電腦，別的小朋友靠近，他就伸出手阻擋。後來電腦被大人拿走，這孩子與別人仍保持「一隻手的距離」，不讓他人靠近。</span></p><p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"><br><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"></span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">從小追逐聲光效果，生活在「框框」裡的世界，由螢幕陪伴長大的Ｓ世代孩子，更易專注力不足，或許有一天，變成這樣的「假性自閉症」。</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">現在擔任天才領袖兒童發展中心的執行長的王宏哲，拿出一張迂迴曲線圖，這是他以「刪除測驗」評量一名小六男生「視覺專注力」的結果。</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">醫師記錄他圈選目標物的順序，描成一條曲線。從毫無邏輯的曲線可知，這個男孩無法像一般人，按「行」或「列」的順序或邏輯圈選。</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">王宏哲說，不難想見男孩無法一字一行的閱讀；在校成績不佳，國語分數在廿分上下徘徊。</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">諷刺地是，男孩的媽媽和治療師討論評估報告時，媽媽又拿出</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體" lang="EN-US">iPad</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">給男孩，希望他靜下來別吵。</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">王宏哲說，</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體" lang="EN-US">iPad</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">被父母當「保母」，加上過去玩電腦的影響，小男生嚴重注意力不足；閱讀所需要的第一關就過不了，也拖累其他領域的學習。</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">從醫學的角度，先天注意力缺損的孩子，僅占百分之三至五。但近期國內雜誌調查顯示，國小老師認為班上無法集中注意力、坐不住的孩子，比率超過六成；王宏哲認為，恐怕都是科技造成的「假性注意力缺損」。</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">長庚醫院兒童心智科心理師謝明慧說，學齡前幼兒要「動手」培養操作、自控的能力，「與未來學習的表現，有高度相關」；譬如堆積木，幼兒須以小肌肉控制拿起積木的高度、放下的力道，同時注意擺放位置，是否平衡。</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">上述條件缺少一樣，積木立刻垮下來。透過這樣的挫折「回饋」，反覆操作學習。</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">但平板電腦的</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體" lang="EN-US">App</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">，僅需手指輕輕撥動，謝明慧說，「部分著色遊戲，亂塗也不會塗到線外」，電腦軟體會自動修正，孩子就無法由錯誤中學習。</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">她觀察到，長時間電視陪伴的孩子，會挑選「不必動手、容易」的玩具，「給他書本，立刻推開。因為它『不會動』。」這些孩子培養出來的，叫「電視專注力」，「只有看電視很專心」。</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">同理，小朋友玩起平板電腦，看似安靜又專注，王宏哲指出，「其實反而損害他們的專注力，消磨其他學習能力」。</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">刪除測驗：觀察視覺注意力</span></b><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; WORD-BREAK: break-all; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" class="MsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體" lang="EN-US">●</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">刪除測驗（</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體" lang="EN-US">cancellation test</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">）主要是要求受試者搜尋指定的目標刺激物，以觀察其視覺注意力。</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 190%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">例如在</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 新細明體" lang="EN-US">A4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: '新細明體','serif'; COLOR: #414141; FONT-SIZE: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">大小的白紙上，散布廿五種不同的符號，共有六十個。廿五種符號以偽隨機排列的方式，等比例分佈在區塊內；要求病人圈選出指定的一種，不限定時間，評估其視覺注意力。</span></p>