Linux 查看系統訊息的常用命令
<p style="line-height: 24px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 2em; "><strong>系統信息</strong></p><ul style="margin-left: 14px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; "><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># uname -a # 查看內核/操作系統/CPU信息</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># cat /etc/issue # 查看操作系統版本</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; ">#cat /proc/version #包含GCC的版本信息</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># cat /proc/cpuinf # 查看CPU信息</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># hostname # 查看計算機名</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># lspci -tv # 列出所有PCI設備</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># lsusb -tv # 列出所有USB設備</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># lsmod # 列出加載的內核模塊</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># env # 查看環境變量</li></ul><p style="line-height: 24px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 2em; "><strong><br></strong></p><p style="line-height: 24px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 2em; "><strong>資源信息</strong></p><ul style="margin-left: 14px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; "><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># free -m # 查看內存使用量和交換區使用量</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># df -h # 查看各分區使用情況</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># du -sh <目錄名> # 查看指定目錄的大小</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo # 查看內存總量</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># grep MemFree /proc/meminfo # 查看空閒內存量</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># uptime # 查看系統運行時間、用戶數、負載</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># cat /proc/loadavg # 查看系統負載</li></ul><p style="line-height: 24px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 2em; "><strong><br></strong></p><p style="line-height: 24px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 2em; "><strong>磁碟信息</strong></p><ul style="margin-left: 14px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; "><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># mount | column -t # 查看掛接的分區狀態</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># fdisk -l # 查看所有分區</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># swapon -s # 查看所有交換分區</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># hdparm -i /dev/hda # 查看磁盤參數(僅適用於IDE設備)</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># dmesg | grep IDE # 查看啟動時IDE設備檢測狀況</li></ul><p style="line-height: 24px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 2em; "><strong><br></strong></p><p style="line-height: 24px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 2em; "><strong>網路信息</strong></p><ul style="margin-left: 14px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; "><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># ifconfig # 查看所有網絡接口的屬性</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># iptables -L # 查看防火牆設置</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># route -n # 查看路由表</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># netstat -lntp # 查看所有監聽端口</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># netstat -antp # 查看所有已經建立的連接</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># netstat -s # 查看網絡統計信息</li></ul><p style="line-height: 24px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 2em; "><strong><br></strong></p><p style="line-height: 24px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 2em; "><strong>進程信息</strong></p><ul style="margin-left: 14px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; "><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># ps -ef # 查看所有進程</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># top # 實時顯示進程狀態</li></ul><p style="line-height: 24px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 2em; "><strong><br></strong></p><p style="line-height: 24px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; text-indent: 2em; "><strong>用戶信息</strong></p><ul style="margin-left: 14px; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; "><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># w # 查看活動用戶</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># id <用戶名> # 查看指定用戶信息</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># last # 查看用戶登錄日誌</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd # 查看系統所有用戶</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># cut -d: -f1 /etc/group # 查看系統所有組</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; "># crontab -l # 查看當前用戶的計劃任務</li></ul>