查看完整版本: 重力透鏡產生的愛因斯坦十字架


kingdomoo 2011-11-15 23:48

重力透鏡產生的愛因斯坦十字架

The Einstein Cross Gravitational Lens<br />
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<img src="http://i15.tinypic.com/4pmzcoy.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="attachimg(this, 'load')" alt="" /><br />
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影像版權與提供: J. Rhoads (ASU) et al., WIYN, AURA, NOAO, NSF<br />
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<font color="navy">Explanation: </font><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<font color="dimgray">Most galaxies have a single nucleus -- does this galaxy have four? The strange answer leads astronomers to conclude that the nucleus of the surrounding galaxy is not even visible in this image. The central cloverleaf is rather light emitted from a background quasar. The gravitational field of the visible foreground galaxy breaks light from this distant quasar into four distinct images. The quasar must be properly aligned behind the center of a massive galaxy for a mirage like this to be evident. The general effect is known as gravitational lensing, and this specific case is known as the Einstein Cross. Stranger still, the images of the Einstein Cross vary in relative brightness, enhanced occasionally by the additional gravitational microlensing effect of specific stars in the foreground galaxy.</font><br />
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<font color="navy">說明:</font><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<font color="dimgray">絕大部份的星系只有單一個核心,不過,上面這個星系真得有四個核心嗎?由於這種答案實在太怪異了,讓天文學家不得不認為在這張影像裡看不見這個星系的核心。中央苜蓿狀的天體,實際上是來自背景類星體的光,因為前景星系的強大重力場,才把遙遠類星體的光分裂成四個單獨的影像。要出現這種類似海市蜃樓的現象,類星體要恰好位在大質量星系核心的正後方。這個效應稱為重力透鏡,而上面這種形態的影像稱為愛因斯坦十字架。更有意思的是,愛因斯坦十字架有亮度的變化,它會因為前景星系中恆星所造成的重力微透鏡效應,亮度偶而會增加。</font><br />
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<font color="darkolivegreen">關於類星體:<br />
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<img src="http://i19.tinypic.com/6c75req.jpg" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="attachimg(this, 'load')" alt="" /><br />
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<img src="http://i3.tinypic.com/4pxtu6f.gif" border="0" onclick="zoom(this)" onload="attachimg(this, 'load')" alt="" /><br />
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版權: EGRET team, Compton Observatory, NASA<br />
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<font color="navy">說明:</font><br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<font color="dimgray">這張假色圖中間明亮的部份是類星體 (quasar) 3C279,這是一幅由伽瑪射線 (gamma-rays)波段觀測到的影像,伽瑪射線光子的能量是可見光光子的 4千多萬倍。 就像大部份的類星體一樣, 3C279非常暗,在可見光波段的天空裡,它就像一個星星的光點。 1991的六月裝在康卜吞伽瑪射線觀測衛星 (Compton Gamma Ray Observatory)上的伽瑪射線望遠鏡,意外的發現 3C279是伽瑪射線波段的天空中非常亮的一個。 拍到這張影像後不久,這個類星體在伽瑪射線的波段上就暗了下來, 天文學家試著去瞭解是什麼造成這些高能物體突如其來的爆發。 另一個更暗的類星體 3C273在圖的中間偏右的地方。</font><br />
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<font size="2">資料來源: Scientific American<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; Department of Physics, NCKU</font><font color="white"><font size="1"><br />
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