狂牛症簡介
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 3pt; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">瘋牛症是一種在牛隻中出現的「慢性海綿狀腦退化病」，動物患上此病的特徵是腦部和脊髓都會變得像海綿一樣。於<SPAN lang=EN-US>1986</SPAN>年在英國被發現後，至少造成<SPAN lang=EN-US>16</SPAN>萬<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>千頭牛隻死亡。當人類吃了病牛的肉或腦部後，會感染非典型克雅二氏症。<SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 3pt; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #c20041; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">徵狀</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 3pt; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">患者腦部及神經組織受破壞，初期病癥通常是暈眩、視力模糊或見到雙重影像，癥狀可能衹持續數天，因為患者很快便產生其他精神退化的癥狀，如變得情緒不穩或睡眠出現不規律情況等。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 3pt; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">患者說話時會有發音的障礙，亦可能在理解上出現問題，變得詞不達意、或有執筆忘字的情況。其他病癥包括快速進行性癡呆、肌肉震顫及痙攣、有幻覺，腦電圖出現不尋常電波。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 3pt; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">患者的腦細胞會逐漸退化，並在腦中產生一個個的空洞，最後整個腦部在顯微鏡底下就像海綿一樣。病癥出現後可於三個月至兩年內死亡。<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 3pt; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> <SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 3pt; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #c20041; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">成因</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 3pt; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">由朊病毒<SPAN lang=EN-US>(Prion,</SPAN>一種蛋白質微粒<SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN>造成。在人類或牛羊腦中有一種正常的<SPAN lang=EN-US>Prion</SPAN>先驅蛋白<SPAN lang=EN-US>(prionprecursorprotein,PrP)</SPAN>，但若吃到患有瘋牛症或搔羊症<SPAN lang=EN-US>(Scrapie,</SPAN>一種傳染性海綿樣腦病變<SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN>的牲口的肉、腦或骨髓，變異的<SPAN lang=EN-US>Prion</SPAN>蛋白進入體內後會誘導正常的<SPAN lang=EN-US>PrP</SPAN>變成變異的<SPAN lang=EN-US>Prion</SPAN>蛋白，造成腦細胞中堆滿了<SPAN lang=EN-US>prion</SPAN>蛋白而逐漸退化，最終可致命。此病潛伏期可達<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>至<SPAN lang=EN-US>9</SPAN>年<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 3pt; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #c20041; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">傳染途徑</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 3pt; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">調查顯示，瘋牛症的起因是由於英國農場使用一批得到搔羊症的羊被作成飼料營養添加劑<SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN>俗稱骨粉<SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN>，用來餵食牛隻而造成牛隻感染及病變的。人類透過進食病牛的腦、肉或內臟，便會受到感染。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 3pt; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #c20041; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">治療</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 3pt; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">目前醫學界並無法治療此症，甚至要患者病發後，才知道受感染。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 3pt; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #c20041; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">預防</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 3pt; mso-line-height-alt: 12.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">人類瘋牛症由變種的蛋白質傳播，這種問題蛋白質主要存於受感染動物的腦神經、脊髓和眼睛，因此應避免進食受瘋牛症污染的動物腦部、脊髓及近骨骼位置的肉。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
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