地瓜-東方的乳酸菌
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 6pt 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 22pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; tab-stops: 67.5pt 138.0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體">地瓜中文名稱為</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體">甘藷，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體">英文名稱為</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體">Sweet Potato</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體">，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體">學名為</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-style: italic">Ipomoea batatas </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體">（<SPAN lang=EN-US>L.) Lam.</SPAN>，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體">科名為</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體">旋花科<SPAN lang=EN-US>(Convolvulaceae)</SPAN>，牽牛花屬<SPAN lang=EN-US>(<SPAN style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic">Ipomoea</SPAN>)</SPAN>，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體">別名</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體">紅薯、紅番薯、甘薯、田薯、白薯、地瓜、山芋、紅苕、玉秋藷、番薯、金薯、甜薯、豬菜、<SPAN lang=EN-US>Boko(</SPAN>阿美族<SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>Bun-gaa</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>Gahe(</SPAN>泰雅族<SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>Borase(</SPAN>排灣族<SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN>，其</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體">原產地為</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體">熱帶美洲，台灣於<SPAN lang=EN-US>17</SPAN>世紀初，由福建傳入。<SPAN lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 6pt 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 30.7pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 22pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體">地瓜</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">中的糖分主要是麥芽糖和葡萄糖，甜度適中，溫和，口味好，適於食用。而其蛋白質中的胺基酸之組成為必需胺基酸，堪稱品質良好的蛋白質。另其含有豐富的維生素<SPAN lang=EN-US>C</SPAN>，及可以轉變成維生素<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>的β<SPAN lang=EN-US>-</SPAN>胡蘿蔔素、核黃素、菸鹼素、甲硫胺酸等成分，此外還含有多種無機鹽類和纖維素，對人體健康之功能有很大的幫助，可預防文明病。做為主食，其熱量較米麵食為低，不易使人肥胖。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體">地瓜</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">也有一定的食療作用，《本草綱目》中記有</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體">地瓜</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">味甘性平，又「補虛乏，益氣力，健脾胃，強腎陰」，有補脾胃，養心神，消瘡腫之功效 </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體">地瓜</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">含有豐富的粘液蛋白等多醣類物質，可減低血中膽固醇含量，預防心血管系統的脂肪沉積，保持血管的彈性，對<SPAN style="COLOR: blue">防止血管硬化</SPAN>、<SPAN style="COLOR: blue">高血壓等症有一定作用</SPAN>。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體">地瓜</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">所含的胡蘿蔔素甚至比胡蘿蔔還高，胡蘿蔔素可治目暗夜盲，增進視力，改善皮膚和眼睛乾燥、頭髮乾脆等問題。菸鹼素有益於造血及補血，抗壞血酸和胡蘿蔔素則有抗氧化作用。地瓜含有類似女性激素的性質，對保持皮膚細膩、延緩細胞衰老，預防肺部和大腸等癌症，具有相當作用。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 6pt 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; LINE-HEIGHT: 22pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體">地瓜</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">葉又名甘藷葉也叫過溝菜，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體">地瓜</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">葉的營養價值很高，不但維生素<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>B1</SPAN>與<SPAN lang=EN-US>C</SPAN>含量高，也含有豐富的蛋白質、單寧與礦物元素<SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN>鈣、磷、鐵<SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN>，</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體">亞洲蔬菜研究發展中心<SPAN lang=EN-US>(AVRDC)</SPAN><U>楊瑞玉</U>副研究員配合聯合國天天五蔬果的推廣，針對上百種蔬果進行分析研究，了解其中的營養價值，結果地瓜葉的營養成份居冠。<U>楊瑞玉</U>表示，如果沒有時間準備<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>種以上的蔬果，最好選擇吃<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>大盤地瓜葉，黃色與紅色葉的地瓜葉營養成分雖然比綠色低，但其抗氧化物的含量，較一般日常食用的蔬菜高<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>到<SPAN lang=EN-US>10</SPAN>倍，紅色葉又富含花青素，有抗氧化效果，而所有的地瓜葉都含有多量的酚，具有抗氧化及抗癌性。</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">這些營養<SPAN style="COLOR: blue">可以去除血液中三酸甘油脂</SPAN>，此外<SPAN style="COLOR: blue">又可降低膽固醇</SPAN>，<SPAN style="COLOR: blue">具有防治高血壓</SPAN>、<SPAN style="COLOR: blue">退肝火</SPAN>、<SPAN style="COLOR: blue">利尿等功效</SPAN>，所含的膳食纖維<SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體">dietary fiber)</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">柔細，<SPAN style="COLOR: blue">可促進胃腸蠕動</SPAN>，<SPAN style="COLOR: blue">預防便秘</SPAN>、<SPAN style="COLOR: blue">痔瘡及大腸癌之罹病率</SPAN>，又能幫助消化，增加飽食感，具有減少熱量攝取的間接優點，<SPAN style="COLOR: blue">有助於糖尿病患者之血糖控制</SPAN>，為有益人體之健康蔬菜。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></P>