查看完整版本: 達利的魔幻世界


tomjay936 2010-10-16 21:32

達利的魔幻世界

人類文明的成就,一方面是把不可能變成可能,另一方面則是再提出無限的不可能。科學家把不可能變成可能,於是不斷推動人類文明的進展;藝術家創造無限的不可能,人類才有無止境的願景。身為西方現代藝術的門外漢,我是從這個觀點教育我自己來認識二十世紀超現實主義大宗師達利(Salvador Dali, 1904-1989),發現無窮盡的思想天地。<br />
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<font color="purple">達利,六歲就能畫出成熟的風景畫,七歲想成為拿破崙,十歲就以印象派畫家自居,十五歲就定期撰寫藝術評論討論文藝復興時代的米開蘭基羅和達文西,十七歲學野獸派、十九歲學立體派風格,而在二十五歲之前就早早地樹立自己那種曠世絕無的特殊畫風。對這樣的藝術奇才,任何讚頌都是多餘的。事實上,我們對一向自恃天才幾乎到了傲慢無禮的達利,也大可不必再給他錦上添花了。</font><br />
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<font color="darkblue">我們不是來恭維達利,我們是要從達利吸取智慧的養分來滋潤自己。達利完成自己的風格後,長達六十年的創作生命,展示給世人無止境的想像空間。直接面對他的作品,初看似覺光怪陸離,荒謬嗎?怪誕嗎?請解放一下自己,漸漸地你會覺得畫面傳出一種無法言傳的壓迫感,好像從地底下直逼而來。這時你並不想走開,忍不住又要多看兩眼,細細品味,佇足沈思,覺得自己好像划著一葉扁舟在浩瀚的思想大海中漂盪,水天相連的地平線看似有盡,實則無窮。這個大海蘊藏人類從古到今無數的問題,有的關於生命本質的性與死亡,愛與非理性,有的則是神秘的宣言,有的恐怕是一些不朽的指向。當然,達利不一定能給我們什麼答案,但我們似乎可以這樣論斷,歷來恐怕很少藝術家能像他那麼直截了當地碰觸那麼多複雜、深沈的生命課題。</font><br />
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<font color="green">達利之所以為達利,正因為他敢挑戰既定的觀念,勇於顛覆傳統美學及社會價值觀。他的作品充滿活力,他擺脫理智的束縛,要把人類最底層的心思、也是最真實的一面挖掘出來。達利以意想不到的「變形」,出奇的分解,曼妙的組合,再加上童話般的夢幻世界的色彩,構成千變萬化的畫作,似乎在宣示絕對的個人自由即是人類文明進展的絕對保證。誠如達利自豪的,「我給這個時代提供最美味可口的餐飲。」</font><br />
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達利生於西班牙東北部卡塔崙亞(Catalunya)地區的費格拉斯,十七歲才到馬德里,二十二歲才到巴黎。世界性的達利,在成長的過程中其實是很本土的,他除二次大戰為逃離納粹迫害而流亡美國,住了八年(1940-48)外,一生大多在故鄉過。自羅馬時代以來,卡塔崙亞便是一個本土意識極強的地方,達利講卡塔蘭話(Catalan),第一篇藝術評論及早期文章都用卡塔蘭文寫作。我們可以說達利是一個標準的卡塔蘭人,比起前輩大畫家畢卡索,達利的鄉曲性實在夠重的,然而他終於成就最普世性的藝術,並且成為最國際化的人物。<br />
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