s8725074 2010-7-25 11:06
搶救爸媽的健康
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">你有注意到爸媽最近走路樣子改變、常跌倒?或是記性變差?感覺身子愈來愈瘦弱<SPAN lang=EN-US>……</SPAN>?</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">他可能是正常老化,但也可能是某些疾病的前兆。<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><STRONG>媽媽走路的樣子好怪</STRONG></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">陪她在鄉下散步的時候,看見她踩著碎步窸窸窣窣低頭走路,我說:「媽,不要像老鼠一樣走路,來,馬路很平,我牽你手,不會跌倒的。試試看把腳步打開,你看<SPAN lang=EN-US>──</SPAN>」我把腳伸前,做出笨士兵踢正步的架式<SPAN lang=EN-US>……</SPAN>她真的把腳跨大出去,但是沒走幾步,又窸窸窣窣低頭走起碎步來。<SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN>摘自《目送》<SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR></SPAN><U><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">步態異常是老人病症候群(<SPAN lang=EN-US>Geriatric Syndrome</SPAN>)的其中一種,也是銀髮族容易跌倒的危險因子之一。</SPAN></U><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">有一項簡單的測試<SPAN lang=EN-US>─</SPAN>「起立行走測試」,可以幫助子女判斷爸媽的步態是否正常:先讓爸媽坐在椅子上,然後在不扶著任何東西的情況下站起來,向前走<?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chmetcnv w:st="on" TCSC="0" NumberType="1" Negative="False" HasSpace="False" SourceValue="3" UnitName="公尺"><SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>公尺</st1:chmetcnv>,轉個身,再走回椅子,坐下。陳亮恭主任解釋,能在<SPAN lang=EN-US>20</SPAN>秒以內完成的人,步態大致上沒有問題;若超過<SPAN lang=EN-US>40</SPAN>秒就有問題,得到醫院做進一步評估。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">這個測驗看似簡單,卻有許多值得仔細觀察的,包括爸媽能否站起來不昏倒?能否直直往前走(考驗他們的平衡感、行走能力)?轉身時有沒有問題?步伐會不會很細碎?雖然老化本身會對步態有所影響,例如彎腰駝背、雙腳移動不靈活、平衡感變差、步伐變短、速度變慢等,但有時可能是其他疾病的後遺症,包括中風造成腳無力、關節炎造成的跛足、糖尿病的周邊神經病變、姿勢性低血壓引起的步態不穩、巴金森症病人的步伐細碎等。多製造機會觀察爸媽的步態,及早發現隱藏的病因,加以治療,讓爸媽能有較好的生活品質。</SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><STRONG>媽媽最近好像比較瘦弱</STRONG></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">天微微亮,她(媽媽)輕輕走到我身邊,沒聲沒息地坐下來。年老的女人都會這樣嗎?身子愈來愈瘦,腳步愈來愈輕,聲音愈來愈弱,神情愈來愈退縮,也就是說,人逐漸逐漸退為影子。<SPAN lang=EN-US>(</SPAN>摘自《目送》<SPAN lang=EN-US>)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">有時候我們看到這樣的阿公阿嬤,會覺得他們看起來好虛弱。但虛弱是一種病嗎?事實上,美國約翰霍普金斯醫院老年醫學科主任佛瑞德(<SPAN lang=EN-US>Linda Fried</SPAN>)在<SPAN lang=EN-US>2001</SPAN>年首度為虛弱症候群(<SPAN lang=EN-US>Frailty</SPAN>)下了定義及五個臨床指標,包括體重在一年內減輕<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>%、肌握力變差、費力(病人一週內至少有<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>天以上做每件事都要花很大力氣,甚至沒力氣做事)、行動遲緩、體能活動度下降(台灣目前是參照美國的標準,男性一週內活動消耗少於<SPAN lang=EN-US>383</SPAN>卡,女性小於<SPAN lang=EN-US>270</SPAN>卡)。</SPAN><U><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">還有另一項指標可以注意,就是老爸老媽的睡眠狀況:虛弱的病人會睡得比較多,但活力卻下降,做起事來沒精神。</SPAN></U><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR></SPAN><st1:PersonName w:st="on" ProductID="詹鼎正"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">詹鼎正</SPAN></st1:PersonName><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 標楷體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">醫師表示,虛弱會導致跌倒、失能、住院、住進養護之家的機率提高,也較容易死亡。所以,<U>最重要還是要鼓勵爸媽運動。</U>有動才有活力。像電影《戀愛沒有假期(<SPAN lang=EN-US>The Holiday</SPAN>)》中,艾麗絲為了幫助<SPAN lang=EN-US>90</SPAN>歲的亞瑟不用助行器就能走上台接受表揚,陪著他在泳池裡走路,就是<st1:PersonName w:st="on" ProductID="詹鼎正">詹鼎正</st1:PersonName>醫師很建議的適合老年人的運動。除此之外,騎腳踏車、快步行走也都是很好的選擇;不過他也提醒,如果關節有問題的爸爸媽媽還是要量力而為,而且運動之前、之後都要做暖身及伸展操,避免運動傷害。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"><BR style="mso-special-character: line-break"></P></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 新細明體; mso-bidi-font-family: 新細明體; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN>